The Exploitative Nature of Beauty Pageants Essay

The Exploitative Nature of Beauty Pageants - Essay Example The author researched the subject and acquired statistics demonstrating the malevolent influence of beauty pageants on young vulnerable girls as well as mature women. He was also able to locate and speak with a number of former beauty queens who were quite frank in giving the details of how their lives had been affected by their participation in the beauty pageants. The author’s friends were somewhat skeptical about his choice of topic because they are all models. Moreover, all the information he got about what life really is like for a beauty queen convinced him that the benefits of the title ‘beauty queen’ are far outweighed by the drawbacks caused by it. The researcher’s aim was to inform the audience, which consisted of young women and men in their twenties and thirties about the many emerging beauty queen competitions in the area and convince them that these pageants were destructive and would ruin the self-esteem of any woman or girl that agreed to pa rticipate in them. The author had done a lot of research and documented his discussions with former beauty queens who gave him permission to use their stories. The author was able to use such information in his speech with astounding success. He also mentioned the dates on which he had conducted the interviews so as to demonstrate how recent the issue is. Usually, the researcher is quite nervous before delivering a speech. However, this time he was pleasantly surprised to find that he was excited and could not wait to deliver his speech; particularly when the author saw the gathering audience. Corporate workers and a large group of models sat at the front while the youth occupied large spaces in the back. The researcher’s model friends and he had sat up arguing about the reasons why beauty contents are destructive, and he was still charged for that experience. The author launched into his speech with gusto, though he tried to avoid speaking too fast in order to cover all the points in his speech. The author asked a few models he recognized in the audience about what they did o a daily basis to maintain their low weight. This sparked immediate discussions among the audience members; with some shouting answers and others murmuring about anorexia. From the stance adopted by nearly all the members of the audience, the author could tell that his subject was very interesting.

Essay on Franncisco de Goya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Essay on Franncisco de Goya - Research Paper Example The first war painting that he created was Los Desastres de la Guerra -The disaster of wars (Castro). Goya produced some of the most disturbing paintings during his last five years. Goya had an ambitious personality (Castro). He was known to be proud and arrogant person. He was a genius artist and over the years the progress in his art can be seen in his works (Castro). By studying Goya work in a chronological order, it is very noticeable, that over the years his worked not only improved but also got stranger. It is said that in the beginning, Goya drew very pessimistic paintings which showed youth and happiness. Goya showed optimism in his initial works. For example, in his paintings ‘The Flower Girls’ and ‘The Little Giants’ he portrays youth and uses a broad color schemes that gives the paintings a certain bliss. These early paintings use bright colors that give an aura of joy to them. However, in 1972, Goya suffered from a serious illness and the age of 47 he had a medical condition due to which he experienced loss of balance, had difficulty in walking with partial blindness and deafness (Emery). Some say that this was caused by a viral disease called Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome (Emery). Over the years though he recovered from this disease but he became permanently deaf (Emery). This traumatic illness greatly affected the work he produced in later years of his life. The works after this illness shows great pessimism. For example, his painting ‘The Execution on the Third of May’ shows darkness. He has used warm colors like brown, red and yellow and has a very bleak illustration. His work began to show the visions of his minds, visions that were contained the fantastic and ironic images of the world around him. During the period of 1803 – 1805 he painted his two majas ; La maja vestida La and maja desnuda (Castro). The former one shows a clothed women and the later one has the same women but nude. This was another addition to the collection of his peculiar paintings that even got him banned by the Catholic Church and made him face an inquisition (Castro). In1808, when Spain got invaded by Napoleon, Goya became the French court artist (Castro). In 1814 Goya painted his two of his most well known paintings; â€Å"The second of May in 1808† and â€Å"The Third of May in 1808†. These paintings showed the horror of war through which Spain went at the time when Napoleon invaded it. The Spanish civil were dragged and killed due to this invasion and the same has been shown in the paintings. In a way we can say that Goya portrayed reality in his war paintings. These paintings give a strong and brave image of the artist. These paintings also mark the start of the â€Å"19th century realism† (Duthel). The last five years of his life, Goya lived in isolation and during that period he created the most bizarre work of his life called Las Pinturas Negras -the dark paint ings. These are fourteen paintings that he painted on the wall of his house (Castro). According to the critics these painting were so shocking that they were â€Å"only meant for his eyes† (Castro). Out of these fourteen paintings the most disturbing and most famous one was Saturn devouring His Child. In this painting Goya has shown Saturn eating one of his son. Many say that Goya painted these paintings on his house’s wall because he did not want the world to see them. When the Spanish government failed to restore, Goya went on a voluntary exile in France

Gender Equality In Australia Is Fiction Sociology Essay

Gender Equality In Australia Is Fiction Sociology Essay Gender equality linked with women remains a contemporary issue in Australia. The debate over gender roles is not about what men or women should or should not be doing- its about people having freedom of choice to act constructively in society, and to have their contribution to society respected and recognised. (Linden, 1996) Even though Australia was one of the first countries that watch over women rights, now days it seems that they have stop searching for that equality, like if they frozen and other countries like Norway, Finland and Sweden have pass them in the development of female role in society. Australia, along with New Zealand, was highlighted as leaders in closing the gender gap. Based on the W.E.Fs benchmarking tool (2010), the Gender Gap Index (G.G.I.), Australia achieved a rank of 23, out of 115 countries. Perhaps unsurprisingly the Report has prompted considerable debate in Australia as to the status of women and, in particular, their economic well-being. Whilst many women have benefited from access to education and health, persistent barriers continue to hinder womens economic opportunities and political empowerment within the Australian context. At a time when other countries are integrating gender into the policy development process and adopting programs to monitor womens labour market outcomes Australia appears to be moving in the opposite direction. In Preston and Barns (2009) words, when compared to the 1970s and 1980s it is apparent that the climate within which gender equality is pursued today has significantly chilled. More women are still working in women area  jobs, such as teaching and nursing. Engineering and computering attracts 25% male student applications, and only 5% females (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). Despite years of legislation and changing social attitudes, the  opportunity  for females to achieve at the highest levels of many professions and occupations seems to be very challenging. The gap between men and women earings has fallen over the years. Pay equitity is about providing equal remuneration for work of equal value. That means paying men and women equally for work that is of equal skill and responsibility, and is performed under comparable conditions. Ensuring that all workers have the same access to benefits, superannuation, allowances and other disectionary payments. Women have to find their equal place in political life throughout the world. It was in 1893 that New Zeland became the first country in the world to legislate for the right for women to vote in free elections, Australia followed in 1902. It was until 1918 that the United States and Great Britain approved this legislation (Oldfield, 1992). Before these time women were not considered important enough or intelligent enough to exercise this power. It was felt that their husbands, fathers or brothers no matter how ignorant they were, had a much better understanding and ability to decide on issues of the date. It was a long and hard battle for women to achieve this legislation, but when women from all areas of society united to demand their rights, law-makers could not deny it any more. With the vote came gradual recognition of womens rights as full members of society. Legal protection was slow and unreliable to begin with, because the laws were debated and passed by men, who as a group were not necessarily interested in the injustice made to women. According to (Linden, 1996) custody of children in divorces became commonly awarded to women, and most unlikely to all, moves were made to ensure they would be paid the same amount as men for doing the same work; this particular point is still a big issue now days. During the Second World War, women were required to take  on jobs  that were previously occupied by men. Women worked in factories and drove buses; and upon the mens return from war, many women refused to relinquish this new found freedom Prit says (2008). In order to make women to go back to their housework and let the men to occupy their jobs wages for women went from 90 per cent of men rate to 75 per cent, a rate fixed in the 1950s by the Arbitration Court (Graig, Lewins, White, 2003) arguing that men have a bigger responsibility with his children and wife so they should received a higher wage. Through this what the government wanted was to established the Australian way of life that is that women stay at home in the suburbs taking care of the children and cook while the man of the house go to work . In the 1960s according to Prit (2008) was when feminist campaigns began to ask for equal pay, equal  opportunities, anti-discrimination, child and maternity welfare, divorce laws and childcare. They also demanded freedom of choice for women, not only for education and  employment, but for marriage, contraception and abortion. The Feminist Movement shocked many older, conservative womens organizations, such as the Country Womens Association. The feminist movement continued to grow and in 1969 there was an important case The Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union Others v Meat and Allied Trades Federation of Australia Others. Before this time womens wages are set substantially lower than that of their male equivalent. The introduction of equal pay is prompted by a number of factors, including the ILO Convention on Equal Pay, increasing female employment, and the abolition of the Basic Wage in 1967. The 1969 decision grants equal pay for equal work, The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission rules, however, that equal pay is not applicable where the work in question is essentially or usually performed by females but is work upon which male employees may also be employed. By the time of the 1972 equal pay case, figures are produced to show that only 18 per cent of women workers have benefited as a result of the 1969 decision (Fair Work Australia, 2010). As Australian society moved towards an acceptance of gender equality, it was important that political and legislative policies reflected that change. There have been legislations passed, such as the 1984 Commonwealth Sex Discrimination Act, that have shaped equality for women. The Act came after Australia signed the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. It says that it is illegal to discriminate people because of their sex, maritial status, pregnancy, sexual harassment, and family responsibilities (Equal Opportunity Commission, 2010). The 1990s saw an increase in women holding high profile leadership positions, with Jennie George becoming the first woman to be appointed President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions and Carla Zampatti the first woman appointed as Chair of SBS (Australian Government, 2010). At the turn of the century, the ageing population dilemma and the need for skilled labour was high on political agendas, and is almost certainly one of the most powerful forces forging the way for Australian women now, with a new found focus on barriers to work for women; focusing on the need for appropriate childcare options in order to facilitate workforce participation, the concentration of policy in lowering effective tax rates for working women and the increased bounty of government payments for working families. A survey of the Inter-Parliamentarian Union in 1993 showed that women held just 10 per cent of the worlds parliamentary seats. What made this figure even more warring was that five years earlier it had been almost half again as high, at 14.6 per cent. The Australian Labour Party was the first Australian party to establish a quota for women. On 27 September 1994 it voted to commit at least 35 per cent of winnable seats to women by 2002. The business of how a candidate actually gets up is something that is rarely gone into in detail. Parties say that candidates should be committed, knowledgeable, and have voter appeal (Linden, 1996). In the Forty-First Parliament of Australia (2004-2007) there were 23 female senators and 38 women in the House of Representatives. On 24 June 2010,  Julia Gillard  became the first woman to lead one of the major political parties at the federal level as Leader of the Australian Labor Party, as well as the first female Prime Minister of Australia (Australian Government, 2010).In politics matter, women have little by little gone further, they made the way up to the top. They have earned the respect of people and governments, and have proved that they can handle a mens job. But these equality seeking have some sacrifices, women are putting apart their other important role as mothers to grow as professionals. The report findings highlight the challenge for women to maintain a work life balance and it found that women are still doing the majority of the child rearing and housework. Women with children employed full-time spend on average 78 hours a week in paid and unpaid work while full-time men with children spend only 74 hours a week according to NATSEM University of Canberra (2009). The differences can be found in the amount of time men pitch in to help with the kids and housework. Full-time women with children spend 15 hours per week doing the cooking and cleaning compared with only six hours per week for men. For a part-time mother the reality is even harsher a part-time woman averages 74 hours a week in paid and unpaid work, 23 hours are spent with the kids and 20 hours on the housework, while part-time men with children work 58 hours in paid and u npaid work, and 14 hours of that is spent with the kids and nine hours is dedicated to the housework (NATSEM University of Canberra, 2009). So its little wonder really that the report made by NATSEM in 2009 found that half of employed women feel rushed or pressed for time compared with only a third of employed men. Not surprisingly women are choosing education and career and then maybe baby, which has seen an increase in the age of first time mothers to 29 . Fertility has declined considerably since the Baby Boomer generation; however, more recently there has been a slight improvement in total fertility rising to 1.9 children in 2007 from 3.5 children per woman in the Baby Boomer generation. Regardless of the advances in equal opportunity in the workplace 22 per cent of pregnant working women said they faced a workplace difficulty in relation to their pregnancy and some said they had missed out on training, development and promotion. The report found that once the baby is born women are taking all the paid leave available to them and they are even resorting to taking unpaid leave. Results show that over half of professi onal women took paid maternity leave compared with just eight per cent of elementary clerical, sales and services workers. And 76 per cent of public sector women having babies took paid maternity leave, in contrast to 25 per cent of women in the private sector. In  conclusion, prior to the 1960s females only received 54 per cent the wages males earned. Although women are allowed to equal wages today, on average women only receive According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006), 84 per cent of what men earn . Women are less likely to be promoted, receive bonuses and not often expected to fulfill the requirements to be employed in a stereotypical male job. The historical conflict about social differentiations and varying levels of power and authority between males and females has come to a point where co-operation between the two genders would be favorable. Equality of  opportunity   can be better achieved though support and focus on unity rather than differences. Australia play a leading role in promoting women`s increase participation. There is still progress to be made to achieve equal outcomes and opportunities for men and women. Gender equality and the rights contained within legislation rely on the overall legal system, as well as cultural attitudes for execution and enforcement. However, gaps do exist in the treatment of legislation, and in the way by which it is enforced. Taking concrete action to advance human rights and support opportunity and choice require a combined effort across the entire of government, in addition to the important constant role of specialist human rights monitoring and complaints mechanisms.

Vietnam and its Effects :: essays research papers

When many people think about the 1960s, Vietnam and President John F. Kennedy (JFK) come to mind, and for a good reason for that period in history changed millions of lives. Faced with the possible spread of communism through Asia, JFK stayed with his word to fight communism, thus the Vietnam conflict as we know today was started. In the early 1900s, France conquered Vietnam and made it a protectorate, which is a relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region For about forty years Vietnam had not experienced settled peace, as a result, The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) was formed in 1941, which sought independence from the French. On September 2,1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent from France. The French government wanted to reestablish their rule in Vietnam but were beaten at the battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7, 1954. The French Expeditionary Force wanted to prevent the Viet Minh from entering Laos, they made their attack at Dien Bien Phu. Poor planning on the French's part led to their airway support at Hanoi to be cut-off by the Viet Minh. After fifty-five grueling days of battle, the French surrendered. Ho Chi Minh led the war against France and was victorious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the war, at the Geneva Conference of 1954, Vietnam was divided into two parts along the seventeenth parallel. North Vietnam was mostly Communist and supported Ho Chi Minh, while South Vietnam was anti-communist and supported by the United States and France. There were still some Communist rebels remaining within South Vietnam, they were known as the Viet Cong. The ruler at the time of South Vietnam was Ngo Dinh Diem who was anti-Communist. Also at the Geneva Conference of 1954, Laos and Cambodia became independent states. North Vietnam disliked the division of Vietnam, and wished to unify North and South Vietnam. Since the United States feared the spread of communism in Asia, John F. Kennedy provided military support and economic relief to South Vietnam to prevent a takeover by North Vietnam. At this point in time, Vietnam is in the midst of a civil war, so the United States was not officially involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The North Vietnamese opposed the support that the United States was providing to the South Vietnamese, so in retaliation three torpedo boats targeted and fired upon the United States destroyer Maddox on August 2, 1964.

Engineering Challenges: Provide Access to Clean Water

From the beginning of life, human beings have always faced challenges and difficulties in their lives. However, what is unique about humans is their ability to adapt and find solutions to these challenges. Engineering has always been the key and the most influential element to the survival of humanity in the face of the unending challenges.A committee of scientists and engineers from around the world have proposed the major 14th challenges in the 21 st century in a document entitled â€Å"Grand Challenges for Engineering.† They stated that it is very important to address these challenges to ensure a healthy and enjoyable lifestyle of the world's civilizations.One of the challenges addressed is the challenge of providing access to clean drinking water. In fact, with the world's rapid population growth, the demand of clean water is increasingly becoming one of the most prominent issues in the world. I was astonished to know that thousands of people die because of the lack of cle an water. According to the document proposed, about 1 out of every 6 people living today is currently unable to gain access to fresh drinking water, resulting in nearly 5,000 deaths from diseases due to poor water sources, i.e.; diarrhea.Water current situationWater is life. It is the crucial ingredient to the sustainability of civilizations and their prosperity. It is vital for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. We know that water on Earth should be sufficient to all its creations. Water is about 70% of Earth's surface. However, water is becoming one of the greatest challenges that may cause wars in the near future. Water is enough in some regions while in others there is a drought. The Earth's two poles have mountains of snow, oceans, rivers and inner water in the ground which is sufficient if it is used and divided equally. Many efforts to use this water has been made to develop technologies and to desalinate sea water.Most countries around the world suffer because of the lack of water sources or the lack of water quality which causes health diseases and consequently deaths. Moreover, this challenge is prominent in the developing world and is a rising problem in some modern countries. The old infrastructure in the developing world is one of the key reasons of water shortage. It has been designed since hundreds of years and much of it is of a poor quality which causes continuous leakage of water.This leakage may sometimes mix with polluted water and becomes a source of contaminated drinking  water. Thus, more improvements and efforts need to take place to face this tremendous challenge. Corporation between the countries and with the successes of engineering in using these waters around the world will definitely lead to various solutions to this challenge.From my readings about this topic, I found that solutions to provide clean water are everywhere. Some are simple, while others are complicated. For instance, desalination, using sand or bicycle s to clean and generate water, recycling and many others. Actually we need all these solutions to be applied to solve this problem. In this essay I will focus on some suggested solutions that have already taken place and that should be done to start helping all people in our world to access clean, healthy water and prevent its severe consequences.DesalinationAs I stated earlier, oceans contain tremendous amounts of water. Over 97 percent of the earth's water contains salt. One of the current solutions to extract salt from seawater is desalination. This technology is already taking place in some countries like Saudi Arabia. This is a good solution to provide water for domestic and agricultural uses. It can provide clean water and enable such countries to depend on themselves and solve water shortage.However, this technology needs a big budget and qualified people to achieve it and not all countries have these two conditions. Improvements must be made to make it accessible to all coun tries. This technology can be one way  to solve the problem of water shortage but still not a sufficient solution to this problem.Wendy Dewolf, in an article entitled â€Å"Engineering Clean Water†, 2011, writes about a new technology based in Boston for desalinating water by osmosis commercialized as Oasys Watera. This technology is cheaper and sustainable because, as she states, it requires â€Å"70 to 85 percent less electrical energy than other seawater desalination systems.† Thus, efforts of scientists and engineers are encouraging to have a clean and sustainable worldwide water supply.People's awareness and usage of waterAccording to a report published in 2004 by Nicole Abrashinsky, global consumption of water has increased twice as much as the population during the past 20 years. The United Nations has also warned that the demands for access for fresh water are unattainable to more than one billion people.One solution that I think will greatly help in solving this problem is encouraging people to realize the reality of how serious is the problem of water shortage and cleanness. Unfortunately, lots of people are still not realizing that this is a problem that causes thousands of people to die because they don't have access to clean water. And the other portion of people who know are still careless in using water, thinking that it is not their problem since it doesn't cause them any harm.Here comes the role of media and especially social media means which has become so influential in the  current time. We should educate people and make them aware of the reality of this problem and provide them with the facts and equipment necessary to help them consume water in a modest way. We hear of campaigns in social media to save water here and there, but I think they should be programmed and organized to make them effective.Some governments offer people with less water consumption a discount on the bell. Other governments finance farmers to dig we lls and water canals.  However, if everyone of us believes that it is our responsibility to save water, then we will observe ourselves when we use water and think that every drop of water counts.â€Å"Smart Tunnel†Nature has the solution for most of our problems, even though we harmed it greatly. Every year we hear of floods and cities got drowned due to hurricanes or storms in almost every region around the world. If we develop technologies to utilize this lost water, these countries will have enough water that will solve part of the problem. One solution that I found amazing in using this lost water is â€Å"smart tunnel†, i.e., the â€Å"Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel†. It is a storm drainage and road structure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and a major national project in the country.This tunnel received the UN Habitat Scroll of Honour Award for its innovative and unique management of storm water and peak hour traffic. It is the longest multi-purpose tu nnel in the world. It reduces the problem of traffic as well as the problem of flash floods. In case of floods, the motorway will be closed to all traffic and the tunnel's gates will open to allow water to pass through. This is excellent way to use the lost water in such conditions and use it for later needs.Perhaps this solution is difficult to apply because the infrastructure of most cities are difficult to be rebuild. However, in the developing countries the chance to use floods water is more applicable since most of them lack appropriate infrastructure and thus can be financed to store water.The solutions, as we see, are everywhere to face the challenge of providing access to clean water. For instance, the committee of the NAE has mentioned many other solutions like recycling, small decentralized distillation units, and strategies for reducing water use. However, the solutions should be sustainable and environmental. Professor Menachem Elimelech at Yale University explains that â€Å"to address the global water problem for all regions in the world, we need sustainable technologies that consume less energy and chemicals and have lower impact on the environment.†Some of these solutions may not end this problem, but creativity and determination will always enable people to solve problems. It is our nature to invent and challenge difficulties. Engineering has always empowered us with successes that no one could have imagined they will become a reality. It is our world; it is our life. I invite  everyone reads this essay to save water and think of solutions to offer millions of people who lack it a healthy and clean water in their lives.

House M. D. Essay

From the very start of film history, various genres improved and changed a great deal. In these modern times, the cross-over genre is especially popular. The focus of this essay, House M.D., is a medical drama, though not a typical one. House M.D. concentrates on an eccentric doctor of great intelligence and his doctors’ team (who never stop to mistake), trying and almost always successfully solving interesting and puzzling cases. In many ways the series fits the definition of detective fiction. To begin with, this essay will introduce the theoretical material to the reader. Subsequently it will describe the similarities of the elements of a traditional detective story and this medical drama. Then, it will center on one of the method the doctors use to help solve medical mysteries. Finally, the essay will describe some features of the main character. Since this essay will focus on the detective side of the series House M.D., it is important to define a few terms that will be used afterwards. According to J. A. Cuddon, detective fiction is â€Å"a form of fiction in which a mystery, often a murder, is solved by a detective† (Cuddon, 229). In other words, a detective story focuses on a crime which is usually unsolvable for ordinary people and only the clever detective manages to figure everything out. What is more, the difference between the â€Å"Golden Age† detective figure and the â€Å"hard-boiled† detective figure must be noted. Conforming to Aysegul Kesirli, the centre of a detective fiction is a masculine, strong, detective character (Kesirli). The â€Å"Golden Age† detective is the opposite: â€Å"the classical detective of logic and deduction is not engaged at all; he is there just for the sake of the puzzle† (Kesirli). So the â€Å"hard-boiled† detective is a power figure, general ly physically or mentally superior to others, whereas a detective of â€Å"Golden Age† is more passive and not as aggressive. As it was mentioned earlier, this essay will now focus on the similarities of the outline of the series and a typical detective story. One of the traditional elements of the detective story, as described in the Merriam-Webster’s Encyclopaedia of Literature, is â€Å"the seemingly perfect crime† (Merriam-Webster, 320). The episode this essay focuses on has its equivalent of a â€Å"crime†: â€Å"Nobody can figure out what is wrong with me† (Hunting, 00:01:40). The â€Å"victim†, or in this case the soon-to-be patient of Gregory House is of very bad health and other doctors could not help him. Thus, House gets a mysterious case, just like detectives get to investigate crimes in detective fiction. Another traditional element of a detective formula is â€Å"the wrongly accused suspect at whom circumstantial evidence points† (Merriam-Webster, 320). In the case of this episode, the doctors’ team mistakes the diagnosis, for example: â€Å"The results make sense. Calvin’s T-cells are at 200, that’s strong enough to fight infection.† (Cameron) â€Å"Fine. Parasite.† (House) â€Å" Nop. Stool sample was negative.† (Chase) (Hunting, 00:05:53) The diagnosis, or â€Å"suspect† in the detective fiction terms, for the patient is falsely diagnosed several more times. The third aspect of the traditional detective story is â€Å"the bungling of dim-witted police† (Merriam-Webster, 320). House’s doctor’s team is an alternate to the quiet foolish police force depicted in detective fiction (Figure 1). Figure 1: House’s doctor’s team (Hunting, 00:10:18) The team continues to come up with various possible diseases, though all this guessing was false. Only G. House at the end managed to find the right diagnose. The fourth element of the traditional detective story is â€Å"the greater powers of observation and superior mind of the detective† (Merriam-Webster, 320). House is superior to others intellectually with matters not only related to his work. For example, only by taking notice at behavior of his employees he figures out that they have slept together: â€Å"So you always use a condom?† (Cameron) â€Å"Uhh†¦Yeah!† (Foreman) â€Å"You?† (Cameron) â€Å"Working girls are sticklers. You’re not going to pull Chase?† (House) â€Å"I’m not an idiot.† (Chase) â€Å"Obviously not. Who doesn’t sleep with a drugged out colleague when they have a chance?† (House) (Hunting, 00:30:37) House’s logical assumptions and deductions are astonishing and truly remind, for example, of the â€Å"Golden Age† detective character’s Sherlock Holmes’ methods of solving mysteries. The last traditional element of a detective story is â€Å"the startling and unexpected denouement, in which the detective reveals how he or she has ascertained the identity of the culprit† (Merriam-Webster, 320). In this episode, House figures everything out by speaking with his friend, Wilson, about completely irrelevant things. He then explains the diagnosis to the patient and his father (Figure 2). Figure 2: House explaining how he came up with the diagnosis (Hunting, 00:33:48) House M.D., though a medical drama, in a way suits the detective formula quiet well. Only here the â€Å"victim† is the patient, the â€Å"mystery† is his disease, the circumstances differ from a real crime, and the â€Å"detective† is doctor House. What make this medical drama seem even more like a detective are the methods the team uses to solve the case of a patient. Undoubtedly, they question the patient first, then they do some researches and tests. But the most interesting method House’s team uses is looking for evidence. It is clear that detectives search for clues, for example, in the apartment of the victim, however, it is not so common in medical cases. (Figure 3; figure 4). Figure 3: Cameron looking for drugs in patient’s house (Hunting, 00:15:13) Figure 4: Cameron finding drugs in patient’s bag (Hunting, 00:17:46) Searching for evidence and clues in a medical case is uncommon, so it is one more aspect how House M.D. is similar to a detective story. Finally, this essay will shortly describe a few characteristics of one of the main characters in the episode. According to an article by Aysegul Kesirli, House is in many ways similar to the Golden Age detective Sherlock Holmes (Kesirli): in this episode the most visible similarity is the deductive method House uses to solve mysteries. For example, once looking at his soon-to-be patient, House claims: â€Å"Well, your shirt is gaping at the collar, means you lost weight; you’re flushed – that’s fever, and you’re short of breath. And finally there’s the KS lesion on your face. Means you’re HIV positive, you’ve progressed to full-blown AIDS.† (Hunting, 00:01:54). House took only half a minute to figure out and describe everything what was wrong with Calvin, the patient. Although this feature is common for the â€Å"Golden Age† detective Holmes, A. Kesirli considers House to be more of a hard-boiled detective type. In this episode Hunting, House provokes the father of a patient to punch him just to prove that his theory about the disease is right (Figure 5): Figure 5: House fights with patient’s father (Hunting, 00:36:08) House is not afraid to fight back or use physical force on a patient’s relative: he is neither afraid of authority or the law, nor he is trying to suppress his masculinity and aggression. So House has both features similar to a â€Å"hard-boiled† and â€Å"Golden Age† detectives. In conclusion, House M.D. fits the detective formula quite in many ways. The outline or the plot structure of the series and a detective story are alike. Also, the methods used by House in the episode are similar to those used by real detectives. What is more, the character of Gregory House is not a typical detective character, but rather a mix of qualities of two different detective fiction eras.

CLASS PROJECT Essays - Evaluation, Quality Management, Quality

CLASS PROJECT Essays - Evaluation, Quality Management, Quality CLASS PROJECT MGT 6110 MANAGING CORPORATE RESOURCE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT CENTRE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA Amir Qayyum bin Che Norddin (G1337179) Sari Yulis Terfiadi (G1338507) Yusuf Wibisono (G1331963) Nasrul Izad Mohd Isa (G1337159) Basree Karing (G1339553) Master of Business Administration, Graduate School of Management International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur Selangor Prepared for Asst. Prof. Dr. Dolhadi Zainuddin TABLE OF CONTENT NO CONTENT PAGE NO. 1 INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORGANIDSATION 3 2 OVERVIEW ABOUT RESEARCH MANAGEMENT CENTER 7 3 SCOPE - CONTROL 10 4 CONTROL SYSTEM 12 5 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 19 6 MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT 26 7 SAMPLE OF PROCESS-PROCESSING OF APPLICATION FOR INTERNAL GRANT 30 8 COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE 36 9 RECOMMENDATIION 36 10 APPENDICES 38 INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORGANISATION Brief History The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) offers students a unique opportunity for academic excellence and individual growth. The University is committed to a rigorous, comprehensive approach to higher learning. The IIUM regards knowledge as a trust from Allah to be utilized, in accordance with his guidance for the benefit of mankind. The University value intellectual inquiry and considers the quest for knowledge as an act of worship. By integrating sources of revealed knowledge into arts and sciences curricula, The University contributes to the enrichment and the advancement of the individual and society. The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) was founded by the Malaysian Government and co-sponsored by the organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and several Muslim countries in 1983. The move for the establishment was initiated by the Prime Minister, Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohammad, in 1982. The university operates under the direction of a Board of Governors with representative from Malaysia (host country), Bangladesh, Egypt, Libya, Maldives, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). The IIUM is the only public University in Malaysia, which uses English as its medium of instruction. Arabic is also used as the medium of instruction for undergrad uate and postgraduate programs in a number of Kulliyahs. The University campuses are located in Gombak, Kuantan and Petaling Jaya. The Gombak campus is located on a 288-hectare site, ten miles from Kuala Lumpur, the nation's capital. About 250 kilometer of Kuala Lumpur is the Kuantan Campus, 1000 acres of a virtual garden nestled within a valley surrounded by thick forest. This is where the Medical Science, Pharmacy, Allied Health Science, Nursing, Dentistry faculties are located. The Centre for Foundation Studies (formally known as Matriculation Centre) is a specially designed center to accommodate and prepare students for entrance to degree programs offered at the University. Centre for Foundation Studies is situated in Section 17, Petaling Jaya, Selangor. The International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) is a research and postgraduate institution of the IIUM, offering master and doctoral degrees in Islamic and other civilizations; philosophy, ethics and contemporary issues, Islamic spiritual culture and contem porary society; Muslim world issues; and their respective sub-areas. ISTAC is set amidst a wooded and serene residential area in Persiaran Duta, Kuala Lumpur and presently known as IIUM KL Campus. The Objectives of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) The Objectives of IIUM are as follows: To revitalize the Islamic concept of learning which consider as an act of worship and the spirit behind t he pursuit of scientific inquiry as inspired by the teachings of the Holy Qu ran To re-establish the primacy of Islam in all fields of knowledge consistent wi th the Islamic tradition of purs uit of knowledge and truth, as reflected by those pioneering works of early Islamic scholars To revive the ancient Islamic tradition of learning where knowledge was propagated and sought after in the spirit of submission to Allah (Tawhid) To widen the choices open to Muslim Ummah in higher education through the establishment of an Islamic Institution of higher learning, which seeks to excel in all forms of academic achievement. Vision Inspired by the world-view of Tawhid and the Islamic philosophy of the unity of knowledge as well as its concept of holistic education, IIUM aims to be leading international center of educational excellence which. Revitalizes the intellectual dynamism of Islam and the Ummah Integrates Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Values in all academic

The campaign to ban the bull - Emphasis

The campaign to ban the bull The campaign to ban the bull In our e-bulletin, we like to take a wild specimen of business-writing bull by the horns and tame it, so that it can be understood by all. The Ban the bull campaign was inspired by our gobbledygook amnesty back in 2009, which brought us the following offending sentence. And, despite the subject matter, theres nothing natural about this sentence In respect of a natural habitat, the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within, as the case may be, the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies or the territory of a Member State or the natural range of that habitat. This 72-word monster is more likely to leave you dizzy than well-informed about natural habitats, assuming you even make it to the end. Sentences that have to be re-read numerous times are only going to annoy your reader, and could well make them put your document aside permanently. This sentence has actually been doing the rounds in several slightly modified forms in assorted EC Directives and national regulations for over a decade. (It speaks to the dangers of repeatedly using cut-and-paste, that this example is perhaps the worst.) Where it was previously broken up into numbered points, these have now been crammed together, with additional phrases haphazardly piled onto the end. So how might we re-build this into something more manageable? Start plainly Even bearing in mind that this is taken out of context, the opening is vague and unclear. In what sense is it in respect of? It would be best to make this obvious at the beginning, so the reader is prepared with a premise to add the rest of the information to as they go on. After a little research, it seems this is probably defining an official way of deciding the conservation status of any natural habitat. Would the reader have known that? This would be better: The conservation status of a natural habitat can be measured by looking at Punctuate Avoid such overly long, opaque constructions, typical of the language of legislation. Even when lacking in individually mystifying jargon words as this one mostly is the sheer length of such sentences is a huge obstacle to clarity. Effective use of punctuation is vital for making meaning explicit, so use it wisely: an infinite number of commas wont clarify a poorly put-together sentence. Break it up When youre dealing with a list in your text in this case, a list of factors consider using bullet points. These instantly make the piece more accessible, because the reader is no longer faced with a block of text. They also help to make separate ideas more distinct. Cut the filler Phrases like as the case may be sound rambling and wishy-washy. Better to actually state your case, and cut these out. Keep it simple Unless youre sure every reader will understand a particular word, pick a more straightforward one. So that would leave us with: The conservation status of a natural habitat can be measured by looking at: every influence, both environmental and human, that affects that habitat and the species within it how these influences will affect that habitats long-term distribution, structure and function; and on the future survival of its typical species. In this context, these definitions apply to the range of natural habitats within Member States of the European territory included in this Treaty. Now, armed with this knowledge, we can all move forward into a world where business writing is safer for everyone. If you ever spot any baffling business-speak, be it in a report, letter, email, flyer, website, or proposal, please join our campaign by sending it to us to unravel. Alternatively, just leave a comment here at our business writing blog.

The Invention and Development of the Wheel

The Invention and Development of the Wheel The oldest wheel found in archeological excavations was discovered in what was Mesopotamia and is believed to be over 5,500 years old. It was not used for transportation, though, but rather as a potters wheel. The combination of the wheel and axle made possible early forms of transportation, which became more sophisticated over time with the development of other technologies. Key Takeaways: The Wheel The earliest wheels were used as potters wheels. They were invented in Mesopotamia about 5,500 years ago. The wheelbarrow- a simple cart with a single wheel- was invented by the ancient Greeks. Though wheels are mainly used for transportation, they are also used to navigate, spin thread, and generate wind and hydroelectric power. When Was the Wheel Invented? Though often thought of as one of the earliest inventions, the wheel actually arrived after the invention of agriculture, boats, woven cloth, and pottery. It was invented sometime around 3,500 B.C. During the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, the very earliest wheels were made of wood, with a hole in the core for the axle. The wheel is unique because, unlike other early human inventions such as the pitchfork- which was inspired by forked sticks- it is not based on anything in nature. The Inventor of the Wheel The wheel is not like the telephone or the lightbulb, a breakthrough invention that can be credited to a single (or even several) inventors. There is archaeological evidence of wheels dating back to at least 5,500 years ago, but no one knows exactly who invented them. Wheeled vehicles appeared later in various areas across the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The invention of the wheelbarrow- a one-wheeled cart used to transport goods and raw materials- is usually credited to the ancient Greeks. However, earlier evidence of wheeled carts has been found in Europe and China. Wheel and Axle The Bronocice pot is the earliest depiction of a wheel and axle. Â  Silar/Wiki Commons The wheel alone, without any further innovation, would not have done much for mankind. Rather, it was the combination of the wheel and axle that made early forms of transportation possible, including carts and chariots. The Bronocice pot, a piece of pottery discovered in Poland and dating to at least 3370 B.C., is believed to feature the earliest depiction of a wheeled vehicle. The evidence suggests that small wagons or carts, likely drawn by cattle, were in use in Central Europe by this time in human history. The first carts featured wheels and axles that turned together. Wooden pegs were used to fix the sledge so that when it rested on the rollers it did not move. The axle turned in between the pegs, allowing the axle and wheels to create all the movement. Later, the pegs were replaced with holes carved into the cart frame, and the axle was placed through the holes. This made it necessary for the larger wheels and thinner axle to be separate pieces. The wheels were attached to both sides of the axle. Finally, the fixed axle was invented, wherein the axle did not turn but was solidly connected to the cart frame. The wheels were fitted onto the axle in a way that allowed them to freely rotate. Fixed axles made for stable carts that could turn corners better. By this time the wheel can be considered a complete invention. Following the invention of the wheel, the Sumerians invented the sledge, a device consisting of a flat base mounted on a pair of runners with curved ends. The sledge was useful for transporting cargo over smooth terrain; however, the Sumerians quickly realized that the device would be more efficient once it was mounted on rollers. Modern Uses of the Wheel VISUAL ART PHOTOGRAPHY/Getty Images While the basic function of the wheel is unchanged, modern wheels are much different from the simple wooden wheels of the past. Innovations in materials science have made possible all kinds of tires for bicycles, cars, motorcycles, and trucks- including tires designed for rough terrain, ice, and snow. While primarily used for transportation, the wheel also has other applications. Watermills, for example, use water wheels- large structures with a series of blades along the rim- to generate hydropower. In the past, watermills powered textile mills, sawmills, and gristmills. Today, similar structures called turbines are used to generate wind and hydroelectric power. The spinning wheel is another example of how the wheel can be used. This device, invented in India over 2,500 years ago, was used to spin thread from natural fibers such as cotton, flax, and wool. The spinning wheel was eventually replaced by the spinning jenny and the spinning frame, more sophisticated devices that also incorporate wheels. The gyroscope is a navigational instrument that consists of a spinning wheel and a pair of gimbals. Modern versions of this tool are used in compasses and accelerometers.

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System Assignment

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System - Assignment Example In simple terms, principle of wellness is the general integration of mental, physical and spiritual well-being of an individual. My role in the primary care setting generally differs from my role in the acute care set up. The difference generally lies in the health care set up. In primary health care setting, as the provider of the health care, I always act as a first contact within the health care system. In most cases, I coordinate other specialist care directly to the patient (Maruish, 2000). On the other hand, in acute care setting, most of patient’s health care is done in short term. In most cases, the care is urgent. In some cases, the patient is required to stay in the emergency department unlike primary care setting which is continuous. 2. Mr Alexopoulos, is 88 years old who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son. a. In the information provided, outline the data the nurse would use to complete a risk assessment for Mr Alexopoulos (include biopsychosocial and cultural health care considerations in relation to implementing primary health care). Mr. Alexopoulos case shows the extent at which he requires primary health care. In as much as Alexopoulos is currently fine, he still has the mentality that he will fall again and therefore, he restricts movements in and outside the house. As part of the primary health care, bio psychosocial model approach and the cultural health care settings best suit this type of situation especially when it comes to completing the risk assessment of Alexopoulos. In using the biological psychological model in this case, the nurses will generally assess Alexopoulos behaviors, thoughts and

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) Research Paper

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) - Research Paper Example Secondly, an overview of both ships shall then be presented. Lastly, this paper will establish a critical analysis of the battle in the larger context of the war. Concluding remarks shall end this discussion. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a more thorough and critical understanding of the clash between the two aforementioned ships, including their place in the momentous War of 1812. Body War of 1812 The War of 1812 is considered a war between the US and Britain. The US declared war against Britain for many reasons, mostly related to the trade restrictions which Britain imposed on the US as an offshoot of its war with France1. The US was also declaring its protest against Britain for the latter’s practice in the impressment (seizing sailors into public service) of American sailors into its own navy. Britain was also supporting American Indians on their actions against American expansion2. The US was also outraged over the insults on its national identity following its humiliation on the high seas, and lastly, the war was also said to be brought on by the American desire to conquer Canada3. Initially, Britain employed defensive tactics on Upper and Lower Canada in an attempt to push back invading American troops. However, American troops soon successfully annexed Lake Erie in 1813, going on to control parts of Western Ontario, thereby ending any hope of an Indian confederacy and an Independent Indian country under British protection4. General Andrew Jackson was also able to overwhelm military troops of the Creek nation in 1814. When Napoleon was defeated in 1814, however, Britain employed more aggressive tactics, and deployed more invasion troops5. Soon after, British victories were seen, resulting in the capture and destruction of Washington, D.C. American troops were nevertheless able to push back British troops out of New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans. The war was fought at sea through British and American warships and through privateers who then proceeded to attack the merchant ships for either side6. Britain also implemented a blockade of the Atlantic coast of the US, thereby launching raids during the late stages of the war. American victories at sea were mostly single ship battles and battles against Britain provincial ships on the Great Lakes7. The land and the sea battles were seen on the frontier, covering the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River. In the South and Gulf coasts, major skirmishes between the battling parties were seen, and the US troops successfully pushed out the British forces at New Orleans8. Invasions of each other’s territories were rampant throughout the war however, most of these invasions were temporary as neither side was able to establish more permanent annexations. By the end of the war, both sides were able to conquer each other’s territories9. In the end, the Treaty of Ghent restored the territories of either party. USS Constitution The USS Constitution was a battle ship of the US Navy. It was wooden-hulled and was a three-masted heavy frigate dubbed by President George Washington after the US Constitution10. It was also the world’s oldest commissioned naval ship. In 1797, the USS Constitution began its journey, joining six original frigates constructed under mandate from the Naval Act of 179411. It was built in Boston and her initial functions as a

Medical anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Medical anthropology - Essay Example st, and the author of ‘Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor’, (Farmer 4) displayed a corresponding between medical anthropology with that of the stories of his personal past. Farmer believes that listening forms the work we normally do. He sharpened his listening skills, which get used in anthropology on an ethnographic context, when his first night at an emergency room, noticing that many slight cases were brought in just because people had no other opening for treatment (Farmer 73). Also, being a good listener helped Farmer to understand the complete effect of a 1981 slavery process concerning migrant workers in Florida (Farmer 29). It was the same skill of listening that helped Farmer understand and tell the story of Haiti’s, and also understand the intricate network that exists between privation and privilege (Farmer 302). Just as the line between primary care and medical anthropology is often indistinct, the â€Å"bracing connection between privation and privilege† becomes even more ostensible the longer one devotes studying both extremes (Farmer 354). While at first, the part of anthropology that divides the structures of violence appears isolated from medical anthropology, these structures of violence introduce the vast inequalities that make medicine to seem inaccessible. Structural violence results to a system in which victims are blamed, endowing those who suppress the victims while inhibiting victim’s access to healthcare. Farmer’s speech could have been unforeseen in its biographical content, but perhaps the key point is that the connection between anthropology and medicine can be viewed not as a single fact but a line that goes the full length on each of these disciplines. It is with listening, understanding privation and privilege (Farmer 82), and avoiding violence, that the future medical anthropologists will bridge the gap between practical medicine and social

Impact of Social Heterogeneity and Population Size and Density on Essay

Impact of Social Heterogeneity and Population Size and Density on Social Relations - Essay Example Heterogeneity leads to gradual breaking down of rigid customs and social structures causing increased instability and insecurity. The city being the hub of economic, political and cultural life, human beings from different areas are attracted to it. These human beings come from diverse backgrounds and cultures. According to Wirth, "69.2 per cent of the total population of those countries that do distinguish between urban and rural areas is urban" (Pearson, cited in Wirth 1938, p.2). Moreover, the growth of the cities is far greater in areas where industrialisation is more advanced than those where it is not as progressive. This transition from a rural area to an urban city has impacted every phase of social life. A city is a product of evolution rather than spontaneous creation, and hence it is only natural that "the influences which it exerts on the modes of life should not be able to wipe out completely the previously dominant modes of human association" (Wirth 1938, p.3). Moreover, a great section of the inhabitants of a city, who have moved in from different and most probably rural areas, bring with them i nfluences of their own cultural backgrounds and previous modes of lives. Such influences leave their imprint on their personalities also. From a sociological perspective, urbanism refers to the characteristic mode of life of the aggregation of human beings living in the city. The dominance of the city is the result of its concentration of industrial and commercial, financial and administrative, transportation and communication, cultural and recreational, healthcare and hospital facilities along with its professional and educational, and religious and welfare institutions. Urbanisation, thus, is the mode of life distinctive to the city as well as the changes that it causes to modes of lives of the people who are under the influences of the predominant features of the city (Wirth 1938, p.5). The social aspects of a city depend on the essential characteristics of the city. For example, an industrial city is significantly different in social respects from a commercial, mining, fishing, resort, university or capital city. Similarly, the social characteristics of a single-industry city differs significantly from a multi-industry city as do that of a residential suburb from an industrial suburb and an old city from a new city, etc. A city, for sociological purposes, may be therefore defined "as a relatively large, dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals" (Wirth 1938, p.8). Hence the social relationships between individuals in a city are influenced by the population size, density of settlement and the heterogeneity of its inhabitants. Large numbers are naturally consistent with a great range of variation among individuals in human interactions. Therefore the personal traits, the beliefs, the ideas, the cultural lives and occupations of individuals in an urban community are spread over a far wider range than those of individuals in a rural community. In such a setting, human bonds of kinship, neighbourliness and sentiments "arising out of living together for generations under a common folk tradition are likely to be absent, or at best, relatively weak" (Wirth 1938, p.11). In such a situation, formal control systems take the place of

Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Innovation and Change - Essay Example Legitimate innovations are not always the commercialisation of a significant advance in product concept, but can be the process of making enhancements to an existing product. Beacham (2006, p.9) reinforces that innovation is â€Å"the successful exploitation of new ideas†, meaning that specific business processes or management ideology can be representative of legitimate innovation which radically or incrementally change the methodology by which a business improves itself. The end result of innovation as a new idea, rather than a radically exclusive and exceptional product development, is being able to differentiate the innovative firm from its competitor base. For the sake of argument, it should then be recognised that genuine innovations involve making non-replicable changes to business strategy, service delivery processes, internal cultural dynamics both professional and social, improving functionality through software technology implementation, or blending existing technol ogies to create greater value for the firm in a way that has not been conceived of by rival firms. When attempting to determine whether SMEs are better able to innovate than larger organisations, it is necessary to clearly define the concept of what actually constitutes an innovation. An initial assessment of innovation, using the premise that a legitimate innovation is solely related to radical product development, would seem to point toward a larger organisation being more equipped to provide innovation than their smaller business counterparts due to higher capital availability, more labour and divisional support, and more refined manufacturing capacity. Taking into consideration the tangible definition of innovation, involving a variety of conceptions not always related to product, it is actually much more realistic to believe that the SME is much better equipped to provide innovation than the larger corporation. This essay describes the characteristics of the SME that actually m ake innovation more easily achievable than larger businesses, including an emphasis on leadership, cultural development, the political hierarchy, the nature of SME team functioning, organisational structure and managerial prowess in understanding the relationships between inputs and outputs that assist in sustaining the small to medium enterprise. The political hierarchy and business culture In order to successfully innovate, it is necessary to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge within an open culture environment. Tacit knowledge is highly specialised, consisting of expertise that is not easily translatable and transferrable to individuals within the organisation that do not maintain similar expertise. Explicit knowledge is generally defined as documented, easy-to-transfer information such as journals, drawings, schematics and internal procedures that is accessible and understood by all organisational members (Fodor 1968). In the large organisation, especially a multi -national company which maintains a high volume of inter-dependent business divisions, including procurement, research and development, sales and marketing, human resources, and manufacturing, each business unit/division maintains expert (tacit) knowledge labourers. Within the large corporation, it is uncommon for individuals that have been hired for their specific skills and capabilities to be cross-trained under a job rotation

Real Estate and Recession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Real Estate and Recession - Research Paper Example This is what happened in United States before the global financial crisis. The values of houses touched the peaks during the year 2006 which begin to rapidly decline during 2006-2007. Now let us discuss some of the causes which led to the burst of housing bubble. The housing tax policy as discussed in taxpayer relief act of 1997 encouraged people to invest in housing rather than stocks and other types of investments. There were not enough regulations in place to have a proper check and balance on such housing investments. The use of mandated loans is considered another cause of the burst of housing bubble. Then the federal bank also lowered interest rates while the rise of houses was not uniform in all regions of United States. The Americans used to believe that investing in houses is a secured investment and they even preferred to become owners of their houses. There were many marketing campaigns being run to encourage people to invest in real estate. This encourages more and more p eople to invest. However, the high values of houses were later followed by decline in prices which busted the bubble. The housing bubble affected the U.S economy in various ways. Millions of new houses were built and sold. The share prices and revenues of big construction companies reached to the peak and made millions as a result. There was a large increase in mortgage equity withdrawals which usually include loans for home equity and cash out refinancing. The housing bubble led to the recession in United States which was the worst after great depression. Many Americans were forced to migrate from the expensive metropolitan areas due to price variation in different regions on United States. The subprime mortgage crisis was one of the most important reasons which led to the global financial crisis. This was due to the result of delinquencies and foreclosures in subprime mortgages. Then it was followed by the decline in value of these securities backed by the underlying mortgages. Th e financial crisis and recession has not ended yet. Financial experts believe that the slow growth will continue till the end of year 2012. The entire world in interconnected and the United States is bound to suffer due to the events and happenings across different countries. Since the start of financial crisis, the federal government has been taken serious effects to avoid this in future. However, there are few things which need to be emphasized. There must be some lender of the last resort such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) who can come for help whenever needed. Unfortunately, IMF doesn’t have this job role or enough resources to handle such situations. This needs to be raised during the coming IMF meetings. Then there is need of regulations which can protect the organizations from taking excessive risk. The leverage ratios can also be put in some limit in order to estimate the damage by the shock. The federal bank should put special efforts to control the growing po wers of big firms which can even negatively affect the situation. The firms and even government institutions should pay special consideration while extending credit to borrowers. The credit history of prospective buyers needs to be checked before giving them loans. In order to avoid mortgage crisis, Federal Deposition Insurance Corporation (FDIC) came out with loan work out model. This model was introduced with the

Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Innovation and Change - Essay Example Legitimate innovations are not always the commercialisation of a significant advance in product concept, but can be the process of making enhancements to an existing product. Beacham (2006, p.9) reinforces that innovation is â€Å"the successful exploitation of new ideas†, meaning that specific business processes or management ideology can be representative of legitimate innovation which radically or incrementally change the methodology by which a business improves itself. The end result of innovation as a new idea, rather than a radically exclusive and exceptional product development, is being able to differentiate the innovative firm from its competitor base. For the sake of argument, it should then be recognised that genuine innovations involve making non-replicable changes to business strategy, service delivery processes, internal cultural dynamics both professional and social, improving functionality through software technology implementation, or blending existing technol ogies to create greater value for the firm in a way that has not been conceived of by rival firms. When attempting to determine whether SMEs are better able to innovate than larger organisations, it is necessary to clearly define the concept of what actually constitutes an innovation. An initial assessment of innovation, using the premise that a legitimate innovation is solely related to radical product development, would seem to point toward a larger organisation being more equipped to provide innovation than their smaller business counterparts due to higher capital availability, more labour and divisional support, and more refined manufacturing capacity. Taking into consideration the tangible definition of innovation, involving a variety of conceptions not always related to product, it is actually much more realistic to believe that the SME is much better equipped to provide innovation than the larger corporation. This essay describes the characteristics of the SME that actually m ake innovation more easily achievable than larger businesses, including an emphasis on leadership, cultural development, the political hierarchy, the nature of SME team functioning, organisational structure and managerial prowess in understanding the relationships between inputs and outputs that assist in sustaining the small to medium enterprise. The political hierarchy and business culture In order to successfully innovate, it is necessary to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge within an open culture environment. Tacit knowledge is highly specialised, consisting of expertise that is not easily translatable and transferrable to individuals within the organisation that do not maintain similar expertise. Explicit knowledge is generally defined as documented, easy-to-transfer information such as journals, drawings, schematics and internal procedures that is accessible and understood by all organisational members (Fodor 1968). In the large organisation, especially a multi -national company which maintains a high volume of inter-dependent business divisions, including procurement, research and development, sales and marketing, human resources, and manufacturing, each business unit/division maintains expert (tacit) knowledge labourers. Within the large corporation, it is uncommon for individuals that have been hired for their specific skills and capabilities to be cross-trained under a job rotation

Something I Feel so Strongly About (at of This Moment) Essay Example for Free

Something I Feel so Strongly About (at of This Moment) Essay The moment we were asked by our professor on something that we strongly feel about, I already had thoughts and mix-ups on my mind. Honestly, I find this one a bit confusing to write. I mean, I’m not sure if my thoughts are likely good enough for me to write something with sense here. Anyway, I began this by thinking and feeling deeply. Yes, I mean this word: DEEPLY. I thought of what’s really bothering me, both mentally and emotionally. It’s like I was asking myself what’s that thing I do feel so strongly about. I thought of hundreds of things. Then I came up with this particular matter that I think occupies mostly my thoughts. I know it’s hilarious to hear this and it’s kinda weird because of the fact that there are millions of things as choices and I have concluded that this thing is about my crush. Isn’t it funny? I’m actually smiling while writing this one. I feel like I’m so childish and immature. But this is the truth and this time, I have to deal with it. I think I should just screen his name. Read more: Proudest Moment of My Life I’ll just keep it private here because it’s so awkward. I’m crazy about this boy. Hahaha! I daydream many things about him. I daydream of the way he smiles, the way he talks, the way he stares at something, and everything about him. I daydream about me and him together. I want to emphasize the word â€Å"DREAM† because I know it’s all impossible. Hahaha! I stalk on him, particularly on Facebook. I did a research about his name and backgrounds. Every time I see him, I’m whispering like â€Å"Boy, you got my heartbeat runnin’ away.† Seeing him can already make my day. Seeing him smile is really a great impact. It’s like vitamins to my heart. Hahaha! He’s one of my inspirations. We’re not friends. I just know him and I guess, he doesn’t even know me. I feel hurt and insecure whenever I see him with other girls. I know it sounds funny because I don’t have the right to be. I’m just an ambitious loser: dreaming of something really impossible. I know lots of girls are also crushing on him. I don’t certainly know if what feeling is I’m feeling. If it’s love or just a mere infatuation. But one thing is for sure, it’s not obsession. I don’t care if I may sound defensive but I’m pretty sure it’s not. Feelings come and go. If this might lead for something worthy someday, I hope for this to stay. But if it’s never meant to be, then I also hope for this feeling to go away.

Study on Movement Time of Individual After Stroke

Study on Movement Time of Individual After Stroke Case scenario A 25 year old male Patient who was apparently well 1 year ago when he met with an accident and got severe head injury, diagnosed with right hemiplegia, was hospitalized for 1 month. Presently Patient complains of, difficulty in getting up from bed, and difficulty in walking. Patient has flexor synergy in Upper limb and extensor synergy is in lower limb, Rom and strength for right is decrease, tone for upper limb and lower limb is increased , grade3 on MAS , reflexes are exaggerated. Presently, Patient is able to sit but only with support and need assistance in toileting and mobility. INTRODUCTION Activities of daily living is refers to those â€Å"sensory motor skills necessary for the performance of usual daily activity† (1). These sensory – motor skills under lie the task of daily self care such as feeding, dressing, hygiene and physical mobility that are known as basic activities of daily living (1). Any problem in performing the ADL can affect personal social life (1),as well as community mobility. Stroke is the sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain (1). Stroke can be caused by many reasons like traumatic, pathological etc. Post stroke patient deal with the variety of deficit like cognitive (1), sensory (3), motor (4), balance and coordination (5). All these components are necessary for the optimal performance of any ADL (6). In young population ADL can be affected because of several reasons, but now a days most common problem which young patient are facing is stroke(6) which affect their ADL in terms of transferring like sit to lie or lie to sits which is the basic activity in order to carry out any task. In this study time is measured for the individual to perform a particular activity. Time taken to perform any task measures several components like cognition (7), sensory (8), motor, balance and coordination (8). Any deficit in any one or all the components leads to increase in the time taken to perform any activity (7) (8) (9). Any deficit in cognition patient will have difficulty in interpreting the command given to patient which leads to increase in the time taken to perform the task. Any motor deficit and sensory deficit can cause difficulty in moving limbs and awareness about the orientation of the limbs. Balance and coordination deficit leads to decrease postural control, all these components will hinder the patient to perform the task at appropriate time (7) (8). Although there is no evidence or normative values are yet described which tells about the normal time taken by an individual to perform sit to lie and lie to sit activity. In order to rehabilitate the patient for sit to lie and lie to sit task, it is also necessary to see that at what degree of trunk flexion (0` or 45`) and with which side (dependent or non dependent) it is easy for the patient to perform task which is measured in terms of time taken by individuals to finish the task so that therapist can rehabilitate the patient with minimum difficulty. The normal timing taken by an individual to perform any task can be used both as a qualitative as well as quantitative. It helps to asses the various components of the deficit, and to rehabilitate the patients who have difficulty in performing ADL. Hence objective of this study is to measure the time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit activity at 0` and 45` of bed from dependent and non dependent side. This can be use to asses as well as rehabilitate the patient. NEED FOR STUDY Stroke in the young is particularly debilitating as the patient wants to get integrated into the society as early as possible. Also a unique requirement for stroke in the young is that the expectations and the society needs are different from the elderly when comparing community dwelling young adults vs. geriatric populations. There is no normative values are present in literature in order to find out the usual time taken by young individual to perform ADL. Sit to lie and lie to sit are basic bed mobility which patient with stroke generally encounter first. So in reference to these timing it is easy to asses as well as rehabilitate the patient in activities of daily living which is most important requirement of patients with stroke. LITERATURE REVIEW Lindmark B ,Hanrin E ,Tornquist K in 1920 conducted study on 207 stroke patient, they were tested after3 month and 1 year after the stroke, 183 survivors from the original population were assessed with standardized practical equipment which has 12 daily activities which is concerned with cognitive factor and coordination, hand function, mobility and balance . They did not find any significant difference, concluded that there is no difference in the performance of daily activities at 3 month and1 year after stroke and also found out that women had more difficulty in performing compare to men in performing mobility task (6). Podsiodlo D , Richardson S , in 1991 conducted study on 60 elderly patient(mean age 79.5 years) to find out TUG as test for basic functional activity, time is calculated for the patient to perform a rise from chair ,walk for 3 meters and then sit down again to perform a particular ADL, found out that TUG test is reliable and correlates well with berg balance scale and concluded that TUG test is reliable for evaluation of the ADL(10). Owsley C, Sloane M, Mc Gwin, Ball K. in 2001 conducted study on 173 older adults (65-90 yrs), which is large sample size in order to find out visual processing speed and correlation between memory and inductive reasoning with IADL ,time taken to perform the 5 IADL was calculated and found out that individual who have slow processing speed , takes more time to accomplish the task they concluded that cognition especially memory and reasoning are related to time taken to perform any ADL and it is useful in evaluating in cognition(8). Owsley, Cynthia, mcGWIN, Gerald Sloane, Michael E in 2001 conducted a study on 342 older adults who had visual impairment (58-86year) from eye clinic, to find out relation between visual function and time required to complete the IADL, under visual impairment –visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and useful field of view .17 IADL task which includes visual activity was evaluated with time taken. They concluded that visual function is necessary to achieve any ADL (9). Hsieh CL ,Shen CF,Hsueh IP, Wang CH in 2002 conducted a prospective study was on 169 stroke patient to find out relation between trunk control and ADL in early stage in stroke patient after6 month of stroke, postural assessment scale for stroke patient scale(PASS-TC) fugl meyer motor test and balance test was used to asses motor and balance respectively, patients were assessed at 14thday after stroke and 6 month. They concluded that trunk control is related to comprehensive ADL(11). Gregory T, Cullaghan A, Nettelback T ,Wilson C in 2009 conducted study on elderly people to examine whether early inspection time predict future problem in ADL , participant completed IT at baseline, 6 month,18 month and at 14 month after stroke, 2 group of 15 elderly with aged (74-88 years) are assessed for timed IADL, it shows that group with slower IT had poorer performance (took longer time to finish task)on more than half of the functional activity and concluded that slower IT shows difficulty in performing functional activity(12). Emma Barry, Rose Galvin, Claire Keogh, Frances Horgan and Tom Fahey in 2014 did a systemic review and metanalysis to find TUG is a predictor of risk of fall in older adult, a literature search of 25 in systemic review and 10 in metanalysis was done and TUG score> 13.5 sec was used to identify individual with high risk of falling and found out that TUG test has limited ability to predict to predict risk of fall in elderly (13). METHODOLOGY Study design: Cross- sectional study –a pilot study Sample size: n=30(50% male and 50% female) Type of sampling: convenience sampling Source of data collection: M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Department of Physiotherapy. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION: A cross- sectional study design was undertaken for the study. Young adult aged between 20 – 25 years fulfilling in M.S. Ramaiah medical college, department of physiotherapy were included in study. Convenience sampling was done and sample of 30 subjects were included in the study. Informed consent of all the 30 subjects are taken prior to undertaking the study and procedure was explained to them. Inclusion criteria: Mentioned conditions directly affect the time taken to perform a particular task. cognition is tested by checking memory reasoning and intelligence. 1. Aged between 20-25 years. 2. Subject should not have any pain, trauma, inflammation, fracture etc by history /reported. 3. Should not have any cognitive deficit. 4. Should have competed consent form. Exclusion criteria: Above mentioned condition can interfere in test and also affect the time taken to perform the  given task. Any reported trauma, inflammation, pain in lower back and lower limbs. History of Low back pain, knee pain. Intake of alcohol in last 24 hrs. Any history of hypotension while performing ADL. Any giddiness while performing IADL tasks Any cognitive or higher mental funti0n deficit. Materials used for the study: Stop watch Adjustable firm couch Height scale Weighing machine Test procedure: Demographic data of young adult was noted, including height, weight, gender etc. subjects to be tested was explained about the procedure of the test. Subjects are asked to sit at edge of bed. When start command was given, the subject had to lie down according to given instruction by using preferable speed to perform the activity, time taken for the subject to perform the sit to lie and lie to sit was noted down. Both these activities were performed at 0` and 45` of elevation of bed end, from dependent side as well as from independent side of elevation of bed end. Starting positions: Sitting Position: neck straight, head in midline, spine erect, Hands on a side, knee and hip at 90`, foot unsupported. Lying position: straight, head in midline, hands on sides, legs together, foot in a neutral position Task was observed from standing in front of patient. The same procedure was repeated and time is taken for 30 subjects, to find out normal value to perform sit to lie and lie to sit in young adult. Picture 1a: Firm and adjustable couch at 00. Picture1b: Firm and adjustable couch  at 450. PICTURE 2a: Starting position at 00 PICTURE 2b: Starting position at  00(side view). Picture 3: Starting position at 450 PICTURE 4a: Final position of sit to lie at 00 PICTURE 4b: Final position of lie to sit 45` Picture5: During test Data Analysis Statistical analysis: Microsoft word and Excel were used to generate data and graphs. Statistical Tests: mean, mode, median of time taken to perform the sit to lie and lie to sit activity was calculated for 30 subjects. Mean is taken to as average time taken to perform the task. t –test was done to compare the values of sit to lie and lie to sit from dependent and non dependent at 0` and 45`. RESULT A cross sectional study consisting of 30 normal healthy young adult is taken to find out the normal time taken by younger individual to perform sit to lie and lie to sit at 00and 450from dependent and non dependent side. This graph is showing average time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit. The values of sit to lie and lie to sit which are not showing any statistical significance depending on different side and angle of trunk flexion. Table2: t and p value of the average of time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit. t- scorep-score Sit to lieND(00) vs. ND(450)0.7040.483 D(00) vs. ND(450)1.0100.318 ND(00) vs. D(450)-1.0470.299 D(00) vs. D(450)1.3550.180 ND(0) vs. D(0)-0.4090.683 ND(45) vs. D(45)0.7040.483 Lie to sitND(00) vs. ND(450)1.6330.107 D(00) vs. ND(450)1.1700.246 ND(00) vs. D(450)1.5810.119 D(00) vs. D(450)1.1040.273 ND(00) vs. D(00)0.4880.626 ND(450) vs. D(450)-0.1160.907 Sit to lie vs. Lie to sitND(00) vs. ND(00)0.0270.978 D(00) vs. D(00)0.9330.354 ND(450) vs. ND(450)1.1600.250 D(450) vs. D(450)0.9470.347 Table2 the t value and p value are showed non of the data have p value Table 3: Comparison between 00 and 450 in sit to lie and lie to sit. 00450 Sit to lieND (3.497)ND(3.366) D(3.565)ND(3.366) ND(3.497)D(3.321) D(3.565)D(3.216) Lie to sitND(3.491)D(3.156) D(3.375)ND(3.136) D(3.345)D(3.156) ND(3.491)ND(3.156) Above table is showing the comparison between average time taken at 00 and 450. There is not significant difference between the time taken by subject in sit to lie and lie to sit from 00and 450. Figure2a: 00 vs. 450 from sit to lie Figure2b: 00 vs. 450 from lie to sit Given figure 2a is showing comparison of mean time taken to sit to lie from 00 and 450 which is not statistically significant(p Table 4: Comparison between the averages of time taken from dependent vs. non dependent side. Non Dependent Side (sec)Dependent (sec) Sit to lie 450(3.366)450(3.321) 00(3.497)450(3.321) 450(3.366)00(3.565) 00(3.497)00(3.565) Lie to Sit450(3.136)450(3.156) 00(3.491)450(3.156) 450(3.136)00(3.375) 00(3.491)00(3.375) This table presents the comparison between dependent vs. non dependent side from sit to lie and lie , average mean of the sit to lie and lie to sit are statistically not significant , P >0.05 , hence no suitable value can be concluded from this present data. Figure3a: Dependent vs. Non Dependent Figure3b: Dependent vs. Non Dependent from sit to lie. from lie to sit Given fig 3a is showing the comparison between dependent vs. non dependent from sit to lie and fig3b. From, the t scores of these data is not showing any statistical significance (p>0.05). Table 5: Comparison between average time taken in sit to lie vs. lie to sit. Sit to lie vs. lie to sitSit to lie in (sec)Lie to sit in (sec) Nondependent (00)3.4973.491 Dependent(00)3.5653.375 Nondependent(450)3.3663.136 Dependent(450)3.3213.156 This table presents the comparison between the average time taken from sit to lie vs. lie to sit. Statistically these values are not significant (p>0.05). Figure 4: comparison between time taken from sit to lie vs. lie to sit Figure 4: showing the comparison between the time taken from sit to lie vs. lie to sit which is statistically not significant hence is not showing any difference in time taken to perform both these activities. TABLE 6; Average of mean value for sit to lie and lie to sit from dependent and non dependent side at 00 and 450 Mean values Sit to lieNon Dependent(0)3.50 Dependent(0)3.57 Non Dependent(45)3.37 Dependent(45)3.32 Lie to sitNon Dependent(0)3.49 Dependent(0)3.37 Non Dependent(45)3.14 Dependent(45)3.16 Average3.36 In table6, the average of all mean time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit, as it is not any statistical significance ,so there is no difference in time taken to perform this task. DISCUSSION The time taken by young adult (20-25 years) to perform sit to lie and lie to sit from dependent and non dependent side at 00 and 450 of trunk flexion has done to find out the normal time taken by young adult to perform this particular activity. This activity is a basic mobility which the stroke patient encounter first and also find difficult to do. Timing of these activity measures cognition, sensory, motor, balance and coordination component of the patient which will help to find out the level of functional activity in reference to the time taken to accomplish the given activity. Activity was measured at different angle of trunk flexion (00 and 450) a well as from different side (dependent and non dependent). Before the study it was assumed that from dependent side it is easy to accomplish the task, as well as from 450 it is easy to lie down as well as get up as therefore should take less time to finish the task, as at 450 the length tension relationship is good and it provide extra leverage to come against gravity, in 450 as the muscle is in tension, muscle fiber recruitment is more. Getting up from dependent side was hypothesized to be easier as compare to nondependent. It was also assumed that as sit to lie and lie to sit are two different activities so time taken to perform both these activity will be different. In our study, on analyzing the result of table 2 ( t – test of the average of the time taken to perform the sit to lie and lie to sit at different plane) is observed that p-value of mean score of time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit is statistically not significant. Values at different plane is statistically not significant that may be because of the small sample size as well as population age. Good strength in muscles, balance and coordination in limbs helps to overcome the gravity easily. The t – score and p- value for the comparison of sit to lie and lie to sit is also statistically not significant. Since all comparisons were statistically insignificant, we averaged the mean for condition The average for the sit to lie and lie to sit was found to be 3.36 sec. In order to asses and rehabilitate the stroke patient timed ADL will asses several components in one time. In order to asses the patient who has difficulty in basic mobility like sit to lie or lie to sit can be assessed with respect to time taken to accomplish that activity , any increase in time taken to accomplish the particular activity may suggest need for intervention , and patient can be trained for the same activity for time taken. Time taken can evaluate contribution from different components such as cognition, strength, balance, coordination. Therefore assessing time may help the therapist to quantify these components and give direction to treatment. Thus concluded that sit to lie and lie to sit takes same time irrespective of dominant and non dominant side, and angle of trunk flexion (00 and 450). The average time to perform sit to lie or lie to sit for young adult is 3.36 sec. CONCLUSION From the present study we can conclude that the average time taken to perform the sit to lie and lie to sit activity is 3.36. The time taken to perform sit to lie and lie to sit from dependent and non dependent side at 00 and 450 was the same. It did not differ with the side as well as the angle of trunk flexion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Limitation of the Study Video for the task is not taken which can help to evaluate the different components of task and may be helpful to explain the reason behind the variation in timing in different individual. Instruction to use a preferable speed may not reliable for every patient. The sample size is small and taken for only 20-25 year old young adult. Clinical Implication As the time taken to perform sit to lie or lie to sit is 3.36 sec, and in my case scenario patient is 25 year old and has difficulty in bed mobility we can take it (3.36 sec) as a baseline in order to asses and rehabilitate the patient . We can measure the time taken by a patient to complete sit to lie and can further retrain the patient to complete the tasks within 3.36 sec; this will help the patient to achieve the status of community functional mobility. It will help us to plan a treatment parameter such as time taken to complete and components of sit to lie as an outcome measure. So in this case summary we could set a goal of 3.36 sec as the time required to achieve functional mobility.

Awareness in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro Essay example -- Boys and G

When children are faced with emotional events that challenge their ideas, they take another step on the road to being â€Å"grown up† as they discover their identity. The short story â€Å"Boys and Girls† written by Alice Munro illustrates this coming of age by allowing us to follow the development of a young girl. We follow the main character, who narrates the story, as she changes from beginning to end. As the story opens, the narrator acts like a care free child, not paying heed to her gender. She then begins to react strongly to the way she is treated by her family and their expectations of her young womanhood. Once she realizes that some changes are inevitable she begins to adopt a new understanding of who she is which is evidence of a more mature way of thinking. This story demonstrates that difficult childhood experiences regarding gender contribute to a developing maturity and are frequently met with varying degrees of resistance. In the early parts of the story, the narrator behaves in a way that would be expected of a young child. She, along with her younger brother, finds Henry Bailey (the family’s hired hand) to be quite amusing in his antics. She states that â€Å"we admired [Henry] for [his] performance and for his ability to make his stomach growl at will, and for his laughter, which was full of high whistling and gurgling and involved the whole faulty machinery of his chest†(101). Being afraid of the dark is another experience that she and her brother share, and they fabricate rules that â€Å"When the light was on, [they] were safe as long as [they] did not step off the square of worn carpet which defined [their] bedroom-space† (101). Children that are of a young age will often make up stories that reflect their s... ... let Flora run free, he â€Å"[speaks] with resignation, even good humour, the words which absolved and dismissed [her] for good. ‘She’s only a girl’ † (114) to which she states â€Å"I didn’t protest that, even in my heart. Maybe it was true† (114). It is not an easy task for a child to understand the obligations that accompany their assigned gender, yet while they encounter difficulties processing these thoughts they are also achieving a greater sense of identity. Different stages of life consist of social rules that encode how one is to behave, however, it is not clearly defined when the transition should occur from young girl to young woman. It is not surprising that learning about gender roles and their associated responsibilities is not an easy part of a young child’s maturation and is often the result of a very emotionally charged collection of experiences.

Historical Context of The Jewel in the Crown Essay -- Jewel in the Cro

Historical Context of The Jewel in the Crown The historical context of Paul Scott's novel - The Jewel in the Crown - serves to explain and interpret a tragic love story between two characters; Daphne Manners and Hari Kumar. The love story serves to clarify and interpret the social/racial and historical significance of the time period in which it is set - 1942. Their love - a product as well as a victim of the time and events - is an allegory for the relationship between England and India - the White man and the Black man. The Jewel in the Crown demonstrates that the elements of life and love are colorless and timeless and that arrogance and hate are universal. Through a historically accurate setting using imaginary characters we are shown the fictionalized city of Mayapore, India during the British Raj and told the "story of a rape, of the events that led up to it and followed it and of the place in which it happened" (Scott 3). The story is relayed to us, in the most part, through an unnamed narrator that began his quest for answers, concerning the Daphne Manners case, in 1964. He compiles testimonies and documents that reveal the events to us from a variety of realistic perspectives. The information is not given in chronological order but as a person who reminiscences would convey a story. The author effectively uses the characters, time-period and historical events to support the underlying theme of injustice, tragedy and the indomitable human spirit. Daphne and Hari would never have met and fallen in love in any other place during any other time period. 1942, in India, was thei... ...irs indicate she was cognizant of the potential consequences of her love for Hari, her rejection of Ronald Merrick and even of her death as a result of giving birth to the baby. The story ends tragically for Daphne and Hari just as the story ends tragically for the England of old and the India of old - but out of their union a new story begins. Although the offspring of the encounter will not unlearn quickly the evils taught for all those generations before, there is now a hope, "the promise of a story continuing instead of finishing...established for the sake of the future rather than of the past" (Scott 461). The Jewel in the Crown is part historical novel, part mystery, part love story, part allegory (drjohnholleman 6/9/01) - and in all its parts, it will continue to reveal the darkness, in each of us, that has no connection to skin color.